Publikationen
2026
- N.-P. Pook, M. Gjikaj, CrysEngComm, 2026. Crystal Packing and Interaction Hierarchies in EMPyOH–Cl and EMPy–OSbCl5 Crystals: Effects of Hydroxyl Functionalization and Antimony Oxochloride Formation Revealed by Combined Hirshfeld, Relativistic ETS–EDA/ETS–NOCV, and SAPT Analyses. Submitted. DOI: 10.1039/D6CE00353B
2025
- M. Söftje, P. Memmel, N. Anwar, V. A. Zapol’skii, M. Gjikaj, E. G. Hübner, J. C. Namyslo, D. E. Kaufmann. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2025, 28, e202500234. Synthetic Access to the Class of 3-Amino-4-Cyano-Substituted Thiophenes. DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500234.
2023
- V. A. Zapol’skii, S. Kaul, B. Karge, M. Brönstrup, M. Gjikaj, D. E Kaufmann. Molecules2023, 28, 2479-2499. A New Way to 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Benzo[h]quinolines: Synthesis, Consecutive Reactions and Cellular Activities. DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062479.
2021
- A. T. Storm, M. Nieger, M. Gjikaj, J. C. Namyslo, J. Adams, A. Schmidt, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2021, 34, 4803-4815. 1,3-Thiazol-4-aminides: Syntheses and Characterizations of Fluorescent Mesoionic Compounds. DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100794.
- M. Söftje, T. Weingartz, R. Plarre, M. Gjikaj, J. C. Namyslo, D. E. Kaufmann. ACS Omega 2021, 6, 33542-33553. Surface Tuning of Wood via Covalent Modification of Its Lignocellulosic Biopolymers with Substituted Benzoates – A Study on Reactivity, Efficiency, and Durability. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04353.
- M. Haase, M. Gjikaj, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2021, 647, 1058-1064. New Dihydrogen-hypodiphosphates of Alkaline-Earth Metals: Preparation, Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectrum and Thermal Behavior of AE[H2P2O6]·nH2O (AE = Ca, Sr and n = 1.5, 2). DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100020.
2019
- S. Batsyts, E. G. Hübner, J. C. Namyslo, M. Gjikaj, A. Schmidt, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2019, 17, 4102-4114. Synthesis and characterization of propeller-shaped mono- to hexacationic quinolinium-substituted benzenes. DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00357.
- N.-P. Pook, A. Adam, M. Gjikaj. Acta Crystallogr. 2019, E75, 667–674. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (μ-2-{4-[(carboxyl-atometh-yl)carbamo-yl]benzamido}-acetato- κ2O:O')bis-[bis-(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N')copper] dinitrate N,N'-(1,4-phenyl-enedicarbon-yl) diglycine monosolvate octahydrate. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019005164.
2018
- A.-L. Lücke, S. Wiechmann, T. Freese, M. Nieger, T. Földes, I. Pápai, M. Gjikaj, A. Adam, A. Schmidt, Tetrahedron 2018, 74, 2092-2099. Anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes by decarboxylation of sydnone-4-carboxylates. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.019.
- M. Haase, M. Gjikaj, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2018,644, 497-503. Three Crystal Structures, One Chemical Formula – Barium Dihydrogen-hypodiphosphate(IV)-dihydrate, BaH2P2O6·2H2O. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800020.
2017
- F. Uhrner, F. Lederle, J. C. Namyslo, M. Gjikaj, A. Schmidt, E. G. Hübner, Tetrahedron 2017, 73, 4472-4480. Reaction of N-heterocyclic carbaldehydes with furanones - An investigation of reactivity and regioselectivity. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.06.012.
- M. Haase, M. Gjikaj, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2017,643, 962–967. Preparation, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectra of Ca2P2O6·2H2O and [Ca(H2O)3(H2P2O6)]· 0.5(C12H24O6)·H2O. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201700111.
2016
- V. A. Zapol’skii, J. C. Namyslo, M. Gjikaj, D. E. Kaufmann. Heterocycles 2016, 93, 628-646. Chemistry of Polyhalogenated Nitrobutadienes, 15: Synthesis of Novel 4-Nitro-3-amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carbaldehydes and Pyrazolo[3,4-f]indazole-4,8-diones. DOI: 10.3987/COM-15-S(T)46.
2015
- V. A. Zapol’skii, J. C. Namyslo, G. Sergeev, M. Brönstrup, M. Gjikaj, Dieter E. Kaufmann, Eur. J. Org. Chem.2015, 7763-7774. Chemistry of Halonitroethenes, III: Reinvestigation of the Nitration of Trichloreethene-Subsequent Reactions of the Products and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity. DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501066.
- Z. Guan, M. Gjikaj, A. Schmidt, Z. Naturforsch. 2015, 70b,83-89. 2-Ethyl-1-phenylindazolium hexafluorophosphate. N-Heterocyclic carbene formation, rearrangement, ring-cleavage reactions, and rhodium complex formation. DOI 10.1515/znb-2014-0188
- P. Wu, N.-P. Pook, M. Gjikaj, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 641 (2015) 1755-1761. Preparation, Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectra, and Thermal Behaviorof Tl2H2P2O6 and Tl4P2O6. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500174.
- N.-P. Pook, P. Hentrich, M. Gjikaj. Acta Crystallogr. 2015, E71, 910-914. Crystal structure of bis[tris(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)cobalt(II)] tetranitrate N,N′-(1,4-phenylenedicarbonyl)-diglycine solvate octahydrate. DOI:10.1107/S2056989015013006.
- M. Gjikaj, M. Haase, Acta Crystallogr.2015,E71, 867-869. Crystal structure of catena-poly-[[tetraaquamagnesium]-μ-(dihydrogen hypodiphosphato)-κ2O,O′]. DOI: 10.1107/S205698901501203.
2014
- A. S. Lindner, E. Geist, M. Gjikaj, A. Schmidt, J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2014, 51, 423-431. Syntheses of N10-substituted 7-Arylpyrrolo[2,1-c]-[1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11-diones. DOI 10.1002/jhet.1775.
- V. A. Zapol’skii, J. C. Namyslo, M. Gjikaj, D. E. Kaufmann. Beilstein. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1638-1644. Chemistry of Polyhalogenated Nitrobutadienes, 14: Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized (Z)-2-Allylidene-thiazolidin-4-ones. DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.170.
- Z. Guan, M. Gjikaj, A. Schmidt, Heterocycles 2014, 10, 2356-2367. Syntheses of acridines and quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)dithiones by rearrangements of N-heterocyclic carbenes of indazole. DOI: 10.3987/com-14-13082.
- N.-P. Pook, A. Adam, M. Gjikaj, Acta Crystallogr. 2014, E70, m160-m161. Bis[bis(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2N,N′)(carbonato-κ2O,O′)cobalt(III)]2-{4-[(carboxylatomethyl)carbamoyl]benzamido}acetate hexahydrate. DOI: org/10.1107/S160053681400631X.
- P. Wu, M. Gjikaj, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2014, 640,189-194. Transition Metal Complexes Containing Dihydrogen Hypodiphosphate in Eclipsed Conformation as Ligand: Preparation, Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectra, and Thermal Behavior of K2[M(H2P2O6)2(H2O)2]·H2O (M = Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300305.
- P. Wu, W. Brockner, M. Gjikaj, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2014, 640, 379-384. Preparation, Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectra, and Thermal Behavior of Rb2H2P2O6·2H2O. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300341.
2013
- J. Maischkowski, M. Gjikaj, E. G. Hübner, B. Bergmann, I. B. Müller, D. E. Kaufmann. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013,2091-2105. Chemistry of Functionalized Quinoxaline N-Oxides, Part I: Efficient Synthesis of New Quinoxaline Derivatives by Selective Modification of 3-Chloro-6-fluoroquinoxalin- 2(1H)-one 4-Oxide. DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201569.
- M. Gjikaj, N.-P. Pook, F. Qarri, Acta Crystallogr. 2013, E69, m689. μ-Hexathiometadi-phosphato-bis[(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-κO)rubidium] acetonitrile disolvate. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813032121.
- N.-P. Pook, M. Gjikaj, A. Adam, Acta Crystallogr. 2013, E69, o1731. Ethane-1,2-diaminium 2,2′-[terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)]diacetate tetrahydrate. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813029632.
- M. Gjikaj, P. Wu, N.-P. Pook. Acta Crystallogr.2013, E69, i83. Hexaaquanickel(II) dihydrogen hypodiphosphate. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813030717.
- T. Xie, Z. Guan, N.-P Pook, M. Gjikaj. Z. Naturforsch. 2013, 68b, 1095-1102. Ionic Liquids Based on Hexachloridometalate(V) Anions (Sb, Nb and Ta) and Nitrile-functionalized Pyridinium Cations. In: / DOI: 10.5560/ZNB.2013-3138.
2012
- V. A. Zapol’skii, E.-J. Vogt, M. Gjikaj, D. E. Kaufmann. Heterocycles 2012, 86, 1431-1447.Chemistry of Polyhalogenated Nitrobutadienes, 12: Synthesis of Novel, Highly Substituted Bi- and Tricyclic 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-4H-Chromen-5-ones. DOI: 10.3987/com-12-S(N)108.
- V. A. Zapol’skii, X. Yang, J. C. Namyslo, M. Gjikaj, D. E. Kaufmann. Synthesis 2012, 44, 885-894. Chemistry of Halonitroethenes, Part 2: Trichloronitroethane as a Building Block for the Novel Synthesis of 5-Chloro(nitro)-methyl-Substituted 1-Aryltetrazoles. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289716.
- A. Dreger, N. Münster, B. Nieto-Ortega, F. J. Ramírez, M. Gjikaj, A. Schmidt. Arkivoc 2012, iii, 20-37. Pyrazolium-sulfonates. Mesomeric betaines possessing iminium-sulfonate partial structures. DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0013.303.
- A. Rahimi, I. Pápai, Á. Madarász, M. Gjikaj, J. C. Namyslo, A. Schmidt, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2012, 754-763. A Cyclobutene-1,2-bis(imidazolium) Salt as Preligand for Palladium-Catalysed Cross-Coupling Reactions: Properties and Applications. DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101378.
- M. Gjikaj, P. Wu, W. Brockner. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2012,638, 2144-2149. New Quaternary Alkali-Metal Hypodiphosphate Hydrates: Preparation,Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectrum, and Thermal Behavior of K4P2O6·8H2O and Na2K2P2O6·8H2O in Comparison to Na4P2O6· 10H2O. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200130.
- P. Wu, Th. Wiegand, H. Eckert, M. Gjikaj. J. Solid State Chem. 2012, 194, 212-2018. New hypodiphosphates of the alkali metals: Synthesis, crystal structure and vibrational spectra of the hypodiphosphates(IV) M2[(H2P2O6)(H4P2O6)] (M=Rb and Cs). DOI: 0.1016/j.jssc.2012.05.015
2010
- M. Albrecht, M. Gjikaj, A. Schmidt, Tetrahedron 2010, 66, 7149-7154. Switchable pi-Complexes of Punicine Derivatives. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.079.
- V. A. Zapol’skii, J. C. Namyslo, M. Gjikaj, D. E. Kaufmann. Z. Naturforsch. 2010, 65b, 843-860. Chemistry of Polyhalogenated Nitrobutadienes, Part 9: Acyclic and Heterocyclic Nitro-enamines and Nitroimines from 2-Nitroperchlorobuta-1,3-diene. DOI: 10.1515/znb-2010-0710.
- M. Gjikaj, C. Ehrhardt. Acta Crystallogr. E66 (2010) i55. Strontium disodium hexathiodiphosphate(IV) octahydrate. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810025316.
- M. Gjikaj, C. Ehrhardt. Acta Crystallogr. 2010, E66, i54. Calcium disodium hexathiodi-phosphate(IV) octahydrate. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810025304.
- T. Xie, W. Brockner, M. Gjikaj. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2010, 636, 2633-2640. New Ionic Liquid Compounds Based on Tantalum Penta-chloride TaCl5: Synthesis, Structural, and Spectroscopic Elucidation of the (μ-Oxido)-Chloridotantalates(V) [BMPy][TaCl6], [BMPy]4 [(TaCl6)2(Ta2OCl10)], and [EMIm]2 [Ta2OCl10]. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201000213.
- M. Gjikaj, J.-Ch. Leye, T. Xie, W. Brockner. CrystEngComm, 2010, 12, 1474-1480. Structural and spectroscopic elucidation of imidazolium and pyridinium based hexachloridophosphates and niobates. DOI: 10.1039/B919368E.
2009
- A. Schmidt, A. Rahimi, M. Gjikaj. Synthesis2009, 14, 2371-2378. Sulfanyl-Substituted [3]Cumulenes and Buta-1,3-dienes from a Tetrakis(pyridinium)-Substituted Butadiene. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216861.
- E. Schaumann, G. Harms, F. Genrich, M. Gjikaj, G. Adiwidjaja. Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 5577-5587. Functionalized Esters as bis-Electrophiles in a Silicon-Induced Domino Synthesis of Annulated Carbocycles. DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.119.
- S. Scherbakow, J. C. Namyslo, M. Gjikaj, A. Schmidt, Synlett 2009, 12, 1964-1968. Syntheses of Amidines from Thioamides, Mediated by the N-Heterocyclic Carbene Indazol-3-ylidene. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1217539.
- F. Stiemke, M. Gjikaj, D. E. Kaufmann. J. Organomet. Chem. 2009, 694,5-13. Novel Triphenylarsinyl-functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands in Palladium-catalyzed Reactions. DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.09.038.
- J.–Ch. Leye, M. Gjikaj, A. Adam, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 32,4837-4843. Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Thermal Properties and Spectroscopic Characterization of Complex Chloridotitanates(IV) with Ionic Liquids. DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900507.
- T. Xie, W. Brockner, M. Gjikaj. Z. Naturforsch. 2009, 64b, 989-994. Formation and Crystal Structure of 2,3,5-TriphenyltetrazoliumHexachlorophosphate and Dichloro-phosphate(V), [TPT]+[PCl6]– and [TPT]+[PO2Cl2]–. DOI: 10.1515/znb-2009-0901.
- A. Rahimi, M. Gjikaj, A. Schmidt, Synlett 2009, 16, 2583-2588. Thieme Chemistry Journal Awardees - Where are they now? [3]-Cumulenes, Sulfanyl-substituted Butadienes and Functionalized Thiophenes Starting from Polypyridinium Salts. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1217952.
- M. Gjikaj, T. Xie, W. Brockner. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2009, 635, 2273-2278. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectrum of 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Hexachlorido-niobate(V) and Oxidotetrachloridoniobate(V) Aceto-nitrile, [TPT][NbCl6] and [TPT][NbOCl4 (CH3CN)]. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900174.
- M. Gjikaj, T. Xie, W. Brockner. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2009, 635, 1036-1046. Uncommon Compounds in Antimony Pentachloride Ionic Liquid Systems: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectra of the Complexes [TPT][SbCl6] and [Cl-EMIm][SbCl6]. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200801392.
2008
- V. A. Zapol’skii, J. C. Namyslo, C. Altug, M. Gjikaj, D. E. Kaufmann. Synthesis 2008, 304-310. Chemistry of Polyhalogenated Nitrobutadienes, 6: A New Ring Closure Approach to Perfunctionalized 5-Nitropyrimidines. DOI: 10.1055/S-2007-990948.
- A. Schmidt, B. Snovydovych, M. Gjikaj, Synthesis 2008, 17, 2798-2804. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes of Indazole. Ring Enlargement Reactions by alpha-Haloketones and Dehalogenations of Vicinal Dihalides. DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1067215.
- M. Gjikaj, P. Wu. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2008, 634, 1749–1754. [1,2-P2S8 ]2– – a New Member of the Thiophosphate Family: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectrum of [NH4(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[1,2-P2S8] and [NH4(18-crown-6)]2[1,2-P2S8]·H2O. DOI:10.1002/zaac.200800183.
- M. Gjikaj. Z. Kristallogr. NCS2008, 223, 1–2. Crystal structure of sodium strontium monothiophosphate nonahydrate, NaSr[PO3S]·9H2O. DOI 10.1524/ncrs.2008.0001.
- M. Gjikaj, J. Namyslo, W. Brockner. A. Adam. CrystEngComm2008, 10, 103-110. Crown-ether enclosure generated by ionic liquid components-Synthesis, crystal structures and Raman spectra of imidazolium-based salts and 18-crown-6. DOI: 10.1039/b708724c.
- M. Gjikaj. Z. Kristallogr. NCS2008, 223, 379-380. Crystal structure of bis(1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate)-18-crown-6 (2:1), [C5H9N2]2[HSO4]2·C12H24O6. DOI 10.1524/ncrs.2008.0166
2007
- A. Schmidt, B. Snovydovych, T. Habeck, P. Dröttboom, M. Gjikaj, A. Adam, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 4909-4916. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes of 5-Haloindazoles Generated by Decarboxylation of 5-Haloindazolium-3-carboxylates. DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700192.
- V. A. Zapol’skii, J. C. Namyslo, M. Gjikaj, D. E. Kaufmann. Synlett 2007, 10, 1507-1512. Chemistry of Polyhalogenated Nitrobutadienes, 5: Synthesis and Reactions of Dichloromethyl Nitrovinylidene Ketones of Heterocycles. DOI: 10.1055/S-2007-982554.
- M. Gjikaj, W. Brockner. Z. Naturforsch. 2007, 62b, 1102–1106. Crystal structure,vibrational spectum and thermal behaviour of the ammonium hexathiohypodiphosphate dihydrate, (NH4)4[P2S6]·2H2O. DOI: 10.1002/chin.200740015.
- V. A. Zapol’skii, J. C. Namyslo, M. Gjikaj, D. E. Kaufmann. Arkivoc2007, i, 76-93. Chemistry of polyhalogenated nitrobutadienes, 4: Reactions of Mono-, Bis-, and Tris(4-tolylthio) Derivatives of 2-Nitroperchlor-1,3-butadiene with α,β-Bifunctional Nucleophiles. DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0008.109.
- A. Schmidt, T. Habeck, A. S. Lindner, B. Snovydovych, J. C. Namyslo, A. Adam, M. Gjikaj, J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 2236–2239. Translation of Pseudo-Cross-Conjugation into Chemistry: Cycloadditions of Mesomeric Betaines to the New Ring System Spiro[indazole-3,3´-pyrrole]. DOI: 10.1021/jo062391r.
- M. Gjikaj, C. Ehrhardt. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2007, 633, 1048–1054. New Hexachalcogeno–Hypodiphosphates of the Alkali Metals: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectra of the Hexathiodiphosphate(IV) Hydrates K4[P2S6]·4H2O, Rb4[P2S6]·6H2O, and Cs4[P2S6]· 6H2O. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200600339.
2006
- C. Ehrhardt, M. Gjikaj. Z. Kristallogr. NCS2006, 221, 437–438. Crystal structure of strontium hexathiodiphosphate(IV) decahydrate, Sr2[P2S6]·10H2O. DOI 10.1524/ncrs.2006.0144.
- F. Hinrichs, M. Gjikaj. Z. Kristallogr. NCS2006, 221, 121-122. Crystal structure of hexaaquamagnesium diammonium hexathiodiphosphate(IV) dihydrate, [Mg(H2O)6] (NH4)2[P2S6]·2H2O. DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2006.0006.
- M. Gjikaj, C. Ehrhardt, W. Brockner. Z. Naturforsch. 2006, 61b, 1049-1053. Rb2P2S6 – A New Alkali Thiophosphate: Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectra of Rubidium Hexathiodiphosphate(V).
- M. Gjikaj, A. Adam. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2006, 632, 2475-2480. Complexation of Alkali Triflates by Crown Ethers: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Na(12-crown-4)2][SO3CF3], [Na(15-crown-5)][SO3CF3], [Rb(18-crown-6)][SO3CF3], and [Cs(18-crown-6)][SO3CF3]. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200600189.
- M. Gjikaj, W. Brockner, A. Adam. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2006, 632, 279-283. Stabilization of Highly Reactive “Naked Anions”: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectrum of [Na(12-crown-4)2]2[P2S6] · CH3CN.
2005
- W. Brockner, R. Branscheid, M. Gjikaj, A. Adam. Z. Naturforsch. 2005, 60b, 175-179. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Vibrational Spectrum of Cobalt(II)orotate Trihydrate, [Co(C5N2O4H2)·3H2O. DOI: 10.1515/znb-2005-0208.
- M. Gjikaj, A. Adam, M. Duewel, W. Brockner. Z. Kristallogr. NCS2005, 220, 67-68. Crystal structure of bis[(18-crown-6)potassium] hexathiodiphosphate(V) acetonitrile disolvate, [K(18-Krone-6)]2[P2S6]·2CH3CN. DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2005.220.14.
- M. Gjikaj, W. Brockner. Vib. Spectrosc. 2005, 31, 262-265. Synthesis and vibrational spectrum of potassium (18-crown-6)hexathiodiphosphate(V) acetonitrile solvate, [K(18-crown-6)]2[P2S6] ·2CH3CN. DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2005.05.001.
- C. Ehrhardt, M. Gjikaj, W. Brockner. Thermochim. Acta2005, 432, 36-40. Thermal decomposition of cobalt nitrato compounds: Preparation of anhydrous cobalt(II)nitrate and its characterisation by Infrared and Raman spectra. DOI: 1.1016/j.tca.2005.04.010.